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The insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 marks a significant milestone in the history of the French Revolution. The days of 31 May – 2 June ((フランス語:journées)) resulted in the fall of the Girondin party under pressure of the Parisian ''sans-culottes'', Jacobins of the clubs, and Montagnards in the National Convention. By its impact and importance, the insurrection of 31 May – 2 June stands as one of the three great popular insurrections of the French Revolution, following those of 14 July 1789 and 10 August 1792. == Background == Since the election of the National Convention eight long months had been squandered in "scandalous" debates that discredited the national representative body. France was expecting its Constitution; what it got was civil war, invasion and crisis so deep that it was shaking the nation to its foundation. The Gironde remained solidly established in the state bureaucracy and the provinces. It was because of the Gironde that the Assembly tempered the rigor of measures that local authorities pretended not to know about. At no other moment—except perhaps in the autumn of 1792—did the government have less influence and authority. The difficulties and dangers of the situation in the spring of 1793 were apparent. The economic situation, a cause for concern since September, was deteriorating rapidly, adding to the general unrest. By the end of the winter, grain circulation had stopped completely and grain prices doubled. Despite Saint-Just's advice, vast quantities of ''assignats'' were still being put in the circulation. In February 1793, they had fallen to 50 per cent of their face value. The depreciation provoked inflation and speculation. The Revolution's survival was therefore contingent on ending inflation. Military setbacks from the First Coalition, Dumouriez's treason and the war of Vendée, which began in March 1793 aroused republican feeling and drove many republicans towards the ''montagnards'', who, as the only group committed to a policy of public safety, seemed to many to be the party that would defend the Revolution and demand exceptional measures which Girondins were reluctant to adopt. The Girondins were forced to accept the creation of the Committee of Public Safety and Revolutionary Tribunal. But authority was imperceptibly passing into hands of the 150 ''montagnards'' delegated to the ''départements'' and armed forces. The Gironde, which had thought it would be rid of the ''montagnards'' by sending them on missions, saw its influence decline in the interior and the number of anti-Brissot petitions increased by late March. The ''montagnards'' took generally well-advised initiatives and they were recognized to be efficient. Faced with the combined threat from inside and outside France, the popular movement imposed the first measures of public safety. For while the inability of the Gironde to fend off these dangers became evident, the ''montagnards'', in their determination to save the Revolution, were gradually adopting the political program proposed by the popular militants. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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